引言：如果該“美國創新法案”通過，則是真正為留學生、企業家開辟移民快速通道，應當是10年來最大移民立法喜訊，該提案中不少條款與兩年前未能通過的移民綜合改革法案中的相關內容近似，雖然對留學生和企業家是大利好，而且申請條件寬松，但我們分析，除非美國國會能通過新的美國移民綜合改革法案，否則單獨通過的可能性不大。在此，兆龍移民特將原文翻譯如下。
作者：瑪利亞·施耐德
翻譯：兆龍移民(轉載請注明出處)
翻譯原文：
上周，美國參議院提出了一項被稱為“創業法案”的新議案，該法案將惠及移民企業家以及STEM(指科學、技術、工程和數學)領域的廣大人群。創業法案規定新創立企業在美國創造就業，而企業家必須能夠自由在美國工作并雇用員工，從而促進美國就業復蘇。
創業法案包含了以下三點重大利好：
1. 給予STEM領域人群有條件永久居留身份。
在STEM領域擁有美國大學頒發的碩士或博士學位的外國人可以在持F-1簽證完成學業后申請有效期限最長達一年的有條件永久居留身份(CPR)。CPR相當于臨時綠卡，僅在一定的時間段內有效，且取決于綠卡持有人是否完成了所要求的活動。也就是說，在臨時綠卡有效期屆滿后，申請人必須完成了所要求的活動，才能獲得有效期限達十年的永久綠卡。
為了滿足創業法案下獲得CPR的要求，申請人必須“努力尋求”獲得STEM領域有酬工作的就業機會。外國人可以獲得最長達五年的CPR，且可以在五年期滿后移除有條件身份并獲得永久綠卡，或者入籍成為美國公民，但前提是申請人已經從事了長達五年之久的STEM工作。
2. 給予企業家有條件永久居留身份
創業法案規定，移民企業家可以獲得最長達四年的CPR。滿足以下全部條件的CPR持有人可以申請永久綠卡：
外國人持有F-1獲H-1B簽證
在擁有CPR的第一年，外國人：
在美國注冊了新企業;
外國人的企業雇用了不少于最低限額且非其家庭成員的全職員工;
外國人投資或籌集了10萬美元。
在CPR狀態的最后三年內，外國人雇用了至少五位非其家庭成員的全職員工。
3. 取消國家簽證配額限制和未用簽證的轉用。
另外，創業法案還提出利用三年時間逐步取消針對各國的綠卡配額限制，并將某一簽證類別中的未用簽證在其它簽證已耗完的類別中轉用。
英文原文如下：
POSSIBLE LEGISLATION: THE STARTUP ACT
by Maria Schneider
A new bill called “The Startup Act” was introduced in the Senate last week to benefit immigrant entrepreneurs and those in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. The Startup Act states that new companies create jobs in the US and that entrepreneurs must be free to work in the US and to hire employees to get the US back to work.
The Startup Act offers the following three key benefits:
1. Conditional Permanent Residency for Those in STEM Fields.
Aliens holding a master’s or doctoral degree in a STEM field from a US institution can apply for Conditional Permanent Residence (CPR) for up to one year after their F-1 studies conclude. CPR is a temporary green card, valid for a limited period of time and contingent on the green card holder completing certain required actions. At the end of the temporary green card validity period, the applicant must have completed the required actions to obtain a permanent green card, valid for ten years.
To qualify for CPR under this part of the Startup Act, the applicant must be “diligently searching” for an opportunity to become gainfully employed in a STEM field occupation. The alien can be granted CPR for up to five years and can remove the conditions and obtain a permanent green card, or naturalize and become a US Citizen after the five year period, provided the applicant has been employed in a STEM occupation for the duration of the five year period.
2. Conditional Permanent Residency for Entrepreneurs.
The Startup Act provides that immigrant entrepreneurs can be granted CPR for up to four years. The CPR holder is eligible to apply for a permanent green card if:
· the alien holds F-1 or H-1B status
· during the first year of the CPR, the alien
o registers a new business in the US
o the alien’s business employs at least full-time employees who are not members of the alien’s family
o the alien invests or raises capital of $100,000
· during the remaining three years of the CPR, the alien employs at least five full-time employees who are not members of the alien’s family
3. Elimination of Per Country Caps and Rollover of Unused Green Cards.
Finally, the Startup Act phases out the per country caps on green cards over a three year period. It also provides for the rollover of unused green cards.
原文鏈接：
http://blogs.ilw.com/entry.php?8464-POSSIBLE-LEGISLATION-THE-STARTUP-ACT
